Theraplay®
Discover Theraplay: Building Strong Families
An Attachment Therapy
Based on the natural ways a parent interacts with, and cares for their child, Theraplay offers a unique psychotherapy approach for children. With roots dating back to the 1960’s, in Chicago, Ann Jernberg developed the approach that was later expanded by Phyllis Booth to what has become a worldwide recognised and trusted therapy for some of our most vulnerable children and families. As Theraplay has it’s foundation in attachment theory, including the parent/caregiver in sessions is an integral part of it’s effectiveness.
Theraplay is based on four essential dimensions: Structure, Engagement, Nurture, and Challenge. Skilfully selected by the therapist, these dimensions guide Theraplay’s attuned activities and games, creating a safe and nurturing space where children and caregivers can strengthen their emotional bonds. Using a gradual approach within the therapy journey, trust is developed through “moments of meeting” in joyful ways, leading to deeper emotional connection that fosters healthier relationships and emotional well-being in children. Theraplay is a “here and now” experience, one in which lively interactions and quiet moments between the child and caregiver take place, and one in which the adults are the main source of interest for the child.
There are times when talking about something that has happened in the past, rather than remaining in the present moment, during a Theraplay session is needed. When this happens, principles from another approach are used alongside Theraplay, to aid these conversations. Find out more about this here.
Who Is Theraplay For?
Theraplay is ideal for children and young people with
early loss and disrupted attachments
trauma history
relationship difficulties
behavioural or emotional challenges
adoption, special guardianship or foster care experiences
poor school attendance
challenging behaviour
difficulties regulating emotions
loss and bereavement
underperformance or over-compliance
selective mutism
social problems including bullying
self-harm or suicidal thoughts
disturbed sleep or eating patterns
mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, phobias, or obsessive-compulsive behaviours
Theraplay is appropriate for children with physical, intellectual, or neurological diversity. It is likewise effective for children with communication difficulties and sensory impairments. These are considered contexts to work with, not factors play therapy seeks to change. As Theraplay involves a trusting relationship with the child’s primary caregiver/s, it is offered when there are attachment needs and the child’s caregivers can fully engage as therapeutic partners.
Positive Theraplay Outcomes
It is important to note that outcomes for Theraplay will depend largely on the needs of the individual child and family, along with factors such as family circumstances. Following the assessments, goals are co-created with parents/caregivers, alongside other professionals if appropriate. Theraplay will be delivered with these goals in mind.
For Children/ Young People
Some of the positive outcomes for children include improved behaviour as a result of more secure attachment with parents/caregivers. Some children may experience reduced anxiety; including separation anxiety, improved sleep, healthier eating, and reduced meltdowns. They may exhibit new strategies for managing their emotions, having experienced co-regulating during therapy. They may realise they can feel safe when the adult is in charge. Socially, children or young people may have more positive friendships involving less conflict as they develop a more positive self-identity and self-worth increases. Children or young people may find it easier to allow parents/caregivers to provide nurture to meet their needs, including those from earlier developmental stages if needed.
For Parents/ Caregivers
Some parents/ caregivers find their confidence improves and as such they feel reduced stress related to parenting their child. Through having “moments of meeting” they may feel more connected with their child and develop a more positive view of their child, even when difficulties arise. Parents/ caregivers can feel a sense of playfulness around their child where before there was tension or uncertainty. Many parents/ caregivers learn to tune into the often unspoken signals their child gives, and so are better able to meet their child’s needs. All of these factors can work together to create a more enjoyable family life, which is one of the best outcomes for parents/ caregivers and their child.